Birth name
     Ernst Ingmar Bergman
Date of birth
     14 July 1918, Uppsala, Uppland, Sweden
Date of death
     30 July 2007, Faro, Sweden

Mini biography

Ingmar Bergman _{(July 14th, 1918, Uppsala, Uppland, Sweden)}

Ernst Ingmar Bergman was a Swedish director, writer and producer for film, stage and television.

Described by Woody Allen as "probably the greatest film artist, all things considered, since the invention of the motion picture camera,".

He is recognized as one of the most accomplished and influential film directors of all time.

The most famed and honored filmmaker ever to emerge from the nation of Sweden, Ingmar Bergman radically altered the nature and meaning of the motion picture form, transfiguring a medium long devoted to spectacle into an art capable of profoundly personal meditations into the myriad struggles facing the psyche and the soul.

“Film as dream, film as music. No art passes our conscience in the way film does, and goes directly to our feelings, deep down into the dark rooms of our souls.”

By focusing on the exploration of self with unparalleled intensity, Bergman brought to the screen a new sense of emotional intimacy, fusing the concepts behind Freudian psychotherapy with a dreamlike sensibility founded on visual metaphors, flashbacks, and extreme close-ups to create a revelatory cinematic world unlike any before it.



Born Ernst Ingmar Bergman on July 14, 1918, in Uppsala, Sweden, he followed a brief 1938 military stay by attending Stockholm University; there he staged his first plays, among them adaptations of Macbeth, August Strindberg's Lucky Peter's Journey and Master Olaf, and Maunce Maeterlinck's The Blue Bird.

In 1939, Bergman accepted the job of production assistant at the Royal Theatre (the Stockholm Opera), leaving school the following year to focus on stage work.

By early 1943, he had begun work at the script department of Svensk Filmindustri, with his original screenplay for Hets (Torment) filmed by leading director Alf Sjoberg the following year.

While remaining active in the theater, Bergman also continued his work in the film industry, and in the summer of 1945 he began directing his debut feature, Kris (Crisis), an adaptation of a drama by Leck Fisher.

His next four films -- 1946's Det Regnar på Vår Kärlek/It Rains on Our Love, 1947's Skepp till Indialand/A Ship Bound for India, and 1948's Musik i Mörker/Night Is My Future, and Hamnstad/Port of Call -- were all adaptations as well, although Bergman continued crafting original screenplays, including one for the 1947 Gustaf Molander feature Kvinna Utan Ansikte/Woman Without a Face.

In a sense, Bergman's career began in earnest with 1948's Fängelse/The Devil's Wanton, his first true auteur work. In addition to directing his own original script, the feature also marked the introduction of a number of Bergman hallmarks including his patented emotional complexity, a fascination with the dynamics of marriage, and a willingness to experiment with the motion-picture form and structure.

Törst (Three Strange Loves), based on a screenplay by Herbert Grevenius, followed in 1949, but within months Bergman was filming Till Glädje (To Joy), another original effort again exploring a disintegrating marriage.

In 1950, Bergman began shooting Sommarlek (Summer Interlude), his breakthrough effort. Told extensively through flashback, the film hones in on a number of the themes which would continue to recur throughout his oeuvre, including the loss of artistic identity, the demise of love, and the slow decay of life, all explored with a newfound confidence and grace.

The political thriller Sånt Händer Inte Här (This Can't Happen Here) soon followed, but in 1951 the Swedish film studios suffered a shutdown, reducing Bergman to helming soap commercials. Upon returning to work in 1952, he filmed the relatively lightweight Kvinnors Väntan (Secrets of Women) before turning to 1953's Sommaren Med Monika (Summer With Monika), another exploration of an ill-fated romance.



With 1953's Gycklarnas Afton (Sawdust and Tinsel/The Naked Night), Bergman made his next significant leap. His first period piece, the film was his bleakest work to date, drawing from the breadth of his major influences (particularly 1930s French films and silent German cinema) to create a newly mature and distinctive visual sensibility.

The sense of freedom so dominant throughout Gycklarnas Afton remained for 1954's farcical En Lektion i Kärlek (A Lesson in Love). After 1955's Kvinnodröm, Bergman created his next masterpiece, the intricate romantic comedy Sommarnattens Leende (Smiles of a Summer Night).

Having hit his stride, Bergman began work on one of his most famed efforts, Det Sjunde Inseglet (The Seventh Seal). The film which brought him international renown, it marked a turning point away from the romantic explorations of his earlier work toward an examination of the relationships of man to God and death, a theme which remained at the center of his work for many years to come.

A medieval morality play, The Seventh Seal contains one of the most memorable scenes in all of cinema, in which the knight portrayed by Max Von Sydow opposes Death in a game of chess. The winner of the Special Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, The Seventh Seal launched Bergman to the forefront of the global filmmaking community, a position he would not relinquish throughout the duration of his career.

Bergman's obsession with death continued in 1957's brilliant Smultronstället (Wild Strawberries), starring Victor Sjöström as an aging professor reminiscing about the disappointments which tainted his life. After the somewhat slight Nära Livet (Brink of Life), Bergman helmed 1958's Gothic comedy Ansiktet (The Magician), a stunning return to form.

The medieval setting of The Seventh Seal reappeared in 1960's Jungfrukällan (The Virgin Spring), a controversial essay on rape which won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It was followed later that same year by Djävulens öga (The Devil's Eye).

The outstanding Såsom i en Spegel (Through a Glass Darkly) was the next step in Bergman's evolution, marking the beginning of his "chamber" style of photography -- essentially, a penchant for extreme close-ups designed to highlight the nuances of his actors' faces to underscore a scene's psychological intensity. It also opened his so-called "religious trilogy," a series of films exploring crises of faith, which also included 1962's Nattvardsgästerna (Winter Light) and 1963's Tystnaden (The Silence).

In the wake of 1964's För Att Inte Tala om Alla Dessa Kvinnor (All These Women), Bergman planned to mount a theatrical production of The Magic Flute, but instead fell prey to a viral infection which kept him out of action during the early months of 1965.

When he returned to the screen in late 1966 with Persona, it was with a renewed sense of force and purpose. An intense meditation on identity which is later revealed to be an examination of the very nature of cinema itself, the film was his most avant-garde effort to date and remains his crowning masterpiece.

Another trilogy of films, all of them set on the tiny island of Fårö -- 1968's Vargtimmen (Hour of the Wolf) and Skammen (Shame), rounded out by Bergman's first color film, 1969's En Passion (The Passion of Anna) -- concluded the decade. In 1970, Bergman directed his first English-language film, The Touch.

The masterful Viskningar och Rop (Cries and Whispers) followed in 1972, with the acclaimed television miniseries Scenes From a Marriage premiering in 1973. The small screen remained Bergman's medium of choice for the next several years, with The Magic Flute in 1975 and Ansikte mot Ansikte (Face to Face) in 1976. That same year he was arrested for alleged tax evasion, later leaving Sweden as a voluntary exile. Relocating to Munich, he began work on 1977's The Serpent's Egg, his first feature film in half a decade.

After completing 1978's Autumn Sonata, Bergman entered the 1980s with Aus dem Leben des Marionetten (From the Life of the Marionettes); two years later, he released the Oscar-winning Fanny och Alexander (Fanny and Alexander), a final, autobiographical masterpiece announced as his cinematic swan song.

He then turned strictly to television, premiering Efter repetitionen (After the Rehearsal) in 1984, followed a year later by The Blessed Ones. He also maintained his busy theatrical schedule and in 1987 published an autobiography, Laterna Magica.

In 1992, his script Den Goda Viljan (The Best Intentions) was filmed for television by Bille August; three years later, he announced his retirement from the stage, but by 1996 he was shooting the television drama Larmar Och Gör Sig Till. -- Jason Ankeny, All Movie Guide

Director - Selected filmography

1. Saraband (2003)
   
2. Fanny and Alexander | Fanny och Alexander(1982)
   
3. From the Life of the Marionettes - Aus dem Leben der Marionetten (1980)
   
4. Autumn Sonata | Hِstsonaten (1978)
   
5. The Serpent's Egg - Das Schlangenei (1977)
   
6. Face to Face - Ansikte mot ansikte (1976)
   
7. The Magic Flute | Trollflِjten (1975)
   
8. Scenes from a Marriage | Scener ur ett Åktenskap (1973)
   
9. Cries and Whispers | Viskningar och rop (1972)
   
10. The Touch - Beröringen (1971)
    
11. The Rite - Riten (1969)
    
12. The Passion of Anna - En Passion (1969)
    
13. Hour of the Wolf | Vargtimmen (1968)
    
14. Shame - Skammen (1968)
    
15. Persona (1966)
    
16. The Silence | Tystnaden (1963)
    
17. Winter Light | Nattvardsgنsterna (1963)
    
18. Through a Glass Darkly | SإSOM I EN SPEGEL (1961)
    
19. The Virgin Spring | Jungfrukنllan (1960)
    
20. The Devil's Eye | Djنvulens ِga (1960)
    
21. Ivan Groznyj II - Ivan the Terrible, Part Two (1958)
    
22. Wild Strawberries | Smultronstؤllet (1957)
    
23. The Seventh Seal | Det Sjunde inseglet (1957)
    
24. Smiles of a Summer Night | Sommarnattens leende (1955)
    
25. Thirst | Tِrst | Three Strange Loves (1949)