Gabriel Mascaro (born September 24, 1983) is a Brazilian visual artist and film director.

He started his career as a documentary filmmaker in 2008, with KFZ-1348 (co-directed by Marcelo Pedroso). Ostensibly a search to track down the former owners of a Volkswagen Beetle registered under the license plate KFZ-1348, the film takes the car as its main device and approaches the lives of its owners as a privileged window onto Brazilian society. The documentary won the Special Jury Prize at the 32nd São Paulo International Film Festival.

His 2009's High-rise (Um Lugar ao Sol), was screened at over thirty film festivals, including BAFICI and Visions du Réel. The documentary follows the private world of those living in luxury penthouses in Recife, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The film uses interviews with these residents to fuel a debate on desire, visibility, insecurity, status and power, and to develop a sensorial discourse on Brazilian social and architectural paradigms. According to the Los Angeles Weekly, the film “effortlessly provokes thoughts on inequality, satisfaction and oblivion”.

In 2010, Mascaro launched another documentary, Avenida Brasília Formosa. “It’s a film about the disconnect between urban planning policy and the dreams and desires of the city folk”, wrote the film critic Carlos Minuano. The film debuted on the Bright Future program at the Rotterdam Film Festival, which also awarded him a script-development grant for Neon Bull (2015) through the Hubert Bals Fund.

In 2012, Mascaro released the documentary Housemaids (Doméstica), in which he handed the camera over to seven teenagers tasked with filming their respective housemaids for the period of one week so that the director could turn the raw footage into a finished film. The final result sparked widespread debate among critics and researchers. Strategically released in commercial cinemas on Labour Day, Housemaids was considered “a historic documentary”. The film premiered abroad at the 2012 edition of the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam. It won awards at the main Brazilian festivals, such as Brasília, Panorama de Cinema and Cachoeiradoc. Writing in the Estado de São Paulo newspaper, film critic Luis Carlos Merten said that “No other film does nearly as much as Housemaids to portray a reality long seared into the Brazilian unconscious”.

In 2013, Mascaro launched the short-film Ebb and Flow (A onda traz, o vento leva) (2012), a documentary that portrays the everyday life of Rodrigo, a deaf man whose job is to instal sound systems in cars. The project for the documentary received an ArtAids  award in 2011 and, upon release, was screened at the Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art and at numerous festivals, including the IDFA and the Festival de Brasília, where it won the best editing prize.

Mascaro's first fiction feature-film was released in 2014. August Winds had its international debut at the Locarno Film Festival, and received the best film prize at the Festival Internacional du Film d'Amiens and best photography and best actress awards at the 47th Festival de Brasília. The film accompanies Shirley, who leaves the big city for the quiet life in a small seaside town in order to look after her sick grandmother. She works as a tractor driver on a coconut farm, where, despite the isolation, she develops a taste for punk rock and dreams of becoming a tattoo artist.

The following year Mascaro brought out his second narrative feature, Neon Bull (Boi Neon) (2015), which brought him widespread international acclaim. The film had its world premiere at the 72nd Venice Film Festival, where won the Special Jury Prize at the Orizzonti section. It won a special mention at the 2019 TIFF, and also won other prizes at the Festival of Rio, Warsaw Film Festival, Adelaide Film Festival, and Cartagena Film Festival. At the Marrakech Festival, Mascaro received the best director award from the hands of director Francis Ford Coppola, one of the jurors at the event.

A vocal fan of the film, singer/songwriter Caetano Veloso wrote about Neon Bull for the American press (republished in the Folha de São Paulo newspaper), calling the film a “unique cinematographic work”. For Veloso, “It’s a poem of genders and the proximity between animal and human life (…) a humanity that strives for social ascension, but also for the sublime”. Chief film critic with Indiewire, Eric Kohn described the film as “Lyrically involving and deeply sensual”, and declared it “the great discovery of this year’s Toronto Festival”. He further discussed the film's originality in a second article entitled: “How Gabriel Mascaro invented a new kind of cinema”.

Neon Bull's critical acclaim fuelled interest in the director's filmography. In April 2016, the curator Dennis Lim organised a retrospective at the Lincoln Center (New York) entitled “Ebbs and Flows”, featuring all of Mascaro's feature-length work since High-Rise. Neon Bull was shown during the New Directors/New Films Festival, also at the Lincoln Center.

In 2019, Mascaro's Divine Love had its world premiered at the Sundance Film Festival World Cinema Dramatic Competition, followed by screenings at the 2019 Berlinale. Receiving positive reviews from critics, the film was chose by The Hollywood Reporter and Screen International as one of the best films of 2019.

In 2025, Mascaro's The Blue Trail was selected for the Main Competition of the 75th Berlin International Film Festival, where it had its world premiere on 16 February 2025, and won the Silver Bear Grand Jury Prize.